If you live in Maryland—or are considering relocating there—understanding the state’s estate and inheritance tax laws is an important part of financial and retirement planning. Maryland is one of the few states that imposes both an estate tax and an inheritance tax, which can significantly affect how assets are passed down to loved ones.
Here is what you need to know about how Maryland estate taxes work and who may be affected.
Maryland Estate Tax: Up to 16%
Maryland imposes an estate tax on estates valued at $5 million or more. If an estate exceeds that threshold, it may be taxed at rates of up to 16%.
This tax is paid by the estate itself before assets are distributed to heirs. For individuals with significant property holdings, investments, or business interests, estate tax planning becomes essential to preserving wealth for future generations.
If your estate is valued below $5 million, you generally will not owe Maryland estate tax. However, that does not necessarily mean your heirs are exempt from other taxes.
Maryland Inheritance Tax: A Separate Tax
In addition to the estate tax, Maryland also imposes an inheritance tax, which applies to certain beneficiaries who receive assets.
Unlike the estate tax, the inheritance tax applies to the individual receiving the assets, not the estate itself. In some cases, heirs may owe tax on inheritances as small as $1,001.
This makes beneficiary planning just as important as planning for overall estate value.
Who Is Exempt from Maryland Inheritance Tax?
Fortunately, not all heirs are subject to Maryland’s inheritance tax. The following individuals are fully exempt:
Spouses
Children and stepchildren
Surviving spouses of children
Parents and grandparents
Siblings
If your assets are left to one of these exempt heirs, they will not owe Maryland inheritance tax.
Who May Owe Inheritance Tax?
Certain beneficiaries who fall outside the exempt categories may be required to pay inheritance tax on what they receive. This can include:
Domestic partners
Nieces and nephews
Friends
More distant relatives
Domestic partners are generally required to pay inheritance tax unless they inherit the primary residence and are joint owners of that property.
Because of this, some couples in Maryland consider marriage as part of their long-term estate planning strategy, since spouses are fully exempt from inheritance tax.
Why Estate Planning Matters in Maryland
Given Maryland’s dual-tax structure, estate planning is especially important for residents of the state. Without proper planning, heirs could face unexpected tax liabilities.
Strategies to consider include:
Reviewing beneficiary designations
Structuring asset transfers carefully
Gifting assets during your lifetime
Consulting with an estate planning attorney or financial advisor
If your goal is to minimize the tax burden on your loved ones, careful planning can make a substantial difference.
Final Thoughts
Maryland’s estate tax—up to 16% for estates over $5 million—combined with its inheritance tax, makes it one of the more complex states when it comes to wealth transfer. However, understanding who is exempt and how the rules apply allows families to plan accordingly.
If you live in Maryland or are building your retirement and legacy plans there, taking the time now to review your estate strategy can help protect your loved ones from unnecessary tax burdens in the future.